· National
· Seminars
Verberk WCEP (2019) Freshwater species on the move: mechanisms and consequences. Invited key note lecture at the Species on the Move Conference, 23rd July, Kruger National Park, South Africa.
Verberk WCEP, Hoefnagel KN, Atkinson D, Hirst AG, Horne CR & Siepel H (2019) Shrinking body sizes in response to warming: a review of explanations with special emphasis on the role of oxygen. Presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 4th July 2019, Sevilla, Spain.
Verberk WCEP, Hoefnagel KN, Atkinson D, Hirst AG, Horne CR & Siepel H (2019) Shrinking body sizes in response to warming: a review of explanations with special emphasis on the role of oxygen. Lecture at the SEB satelite meeting "Is global warming causing animals to shrink? Evidence, mechanisms and models.", 30th June, Sevilla, Spain.
Verberk WCEP (2019) Freshwater species on the move: mechanisms and consequences. Invited key note lecture at the Species on the Move Conference, 23rd July, Kruger National Park, South Africa.
Verberk WCEP (2018) An oxygen perspective on thermal responses. Invited talk given at the workshop “Cross-disciplinary view on temperature responses in aquatic ectotherms”, 20th June, Tasmania (Skype-talk).
Verberk WCEP & Hoefnagel KN (2018) A faster pace of life in a warmer world: Can an oxygen perspective explain the temperature-size rule? Presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 6th July 2018, Florence, Italy.
Verberk WCEP & Hoefnagel KN (2018) Can an oxygen perspective explain the temperature-size rule? Presentation given at the Satellite Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 30th June 2018, Florence, Italy.
Verberk WCEP (2018) Interactive effects of oxygen and temperature: a mechanism setting heat tolerance? Invited talk given at the symposium "Oxygen" in celebration of Roy Weber's 80th birthday, 19th May, Sønderborg, Denmark.
Verberk WCEP (2018) Climate change and hypoxia in aquatic systems: Which species are most vulnerable and what can we do? Invited plenary lecture given at the Climate change and water conference, 7th Feb 2018, Tours, France.
Verberk WCEP, Calosi P, Brischoux F, Spicer J, Garland T. & DT Bilton (2017) Universal metabolic constraints shape the evolutionary ecology of diving in ectotherms and endotherms. Presentation given at the Ecology Across Borders: Joint Annual Meeting, 13th December, Ghent, Belgium.
Verberk WCEP & Atkinson DA (2016) On being the right size: Consequences of body size and temperature for the energy metabolism of aquatic ectotherms. Presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 6th July 2016, Brighton, UK.
Verberk WCEP (2016) Climate change and hypoxia: ecophysiological traits underpinning the vulnerability of aquatic insects to warming. Presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Britisch Ecological Society (BES), 14th December 2016, Liverpool, UK.
Verberk WCEP (2016) Climate change and hypoxia: ecophysiological traits underpinning the vulnerability of aquatic insects to warming. Presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Limnology (SIL), 4th August 2016, Torino, Italy.
Verberk WCEP, Calosi P, Spicer JI, Kehl S & Bilton DT (2016) Thermal tolerance and its plasticity are shaped by the reliance on diffusive gas exchange within the Deronectes group of European diving beetles. Session organised and presentation given at the International Congress on Entomology (ICE), 27th September 2016, Orlando, USA.
Verberk WCEP (2015) Struggling to balance oxygen uptake and consumption when breathing under water: implications for thermal tolerance and growth. Invited presentation given at the 9th International Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, 24th August, Krakow, Poland.
Verberk WCEP (2015) Size matters for balancing energy supply and demand in aquatic ectotherms. Invited plenary presentation given at the 4th Symposium on DEB theory, 29th April, Marseille, France. (view)
Verberk WCEP (2014) Asphyxation and oxygen poisoning are tightly linked in aquatic ectotherms: consequences for body size and thermal tolerance. Presentation given at the International Conference on Respiratory Science, 9th July, Bad Honnef, Germany.
Hoefnagel KN & Verberk WCEP (2014) Oxygen as a limiting resource: A potential mechanism underlying the Temperature Size Rule in aquatic ectotherms. Presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 2th Jul, Manchester, UK.
Verberk WCEP, Overgaard J, Ern R, Bayley M, Wang T, Boardman L & Terblanche JT (2014) Does oxygen limit thermal tolerance in arthropods? A critical review of available evidence. Invited presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 2th Jul, Manchester, UK.
Verberk WCEP, Durance I, Vaughan IP & Ormerod SJ (2014) Hypoxia and warming interactively impact survival and abundance of stream macroinvertebrates. Poster presentation given at the Joint Aquatic Science Meeting, 20th May, Portland, US.
Verberk WCEP (2014) Size matters for balancing oxygen supply and demand in aquatic ectotherms. Presentation given at the Netherlands Annual Ecological Meeting (NAEM), 11th February, Lunteren, The Netherlands.
van Duinen GA, van Kleef HH & Verberk WCEP (2014) Restoration constraints for aquatic species of raised bog landscapes: nutrient enrichment and loss of gradients. Presentation given at the Netherlands Annual Ecological Meeting (NAEM), 12th February, Lunteren, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP & Bilton DT (2013) Oxygen limitation at thermal extremes: A comparison across different gas exchange systems. Invited presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), 4th Jul, Valencia, Spain.
Verberk WCEP, Sommer U, Davidson RL & Viant MR (2013) Study on heat tolerance in stonefly nymphs at different oxygen levels by FT-ICR MS and NMR based metabolomics. Poster presentation at the 9th Annual Conference of the Metabolomics Society, 2nd July, Glasgow, UK.
Verberk WCEP & CGE van Noordwijk (2013) Integrating species traits to transform descriptive community ecology into a predictive science. Presentation given at the Netherlands Annual Ecological Meeting (NAEM), 5th February, Lunteren, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, Bilton DT, Calosi P & Spicer JI (2013) How oxygen and temperature changes across latitude and elevation determine ecological distribution patterns. Invited presentation given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), 7th Jan, San Francisco, USA.
Verberk WCEP (2012) Aquatic giants - the balance between Oxygen demand and Oxygen supply. Presentation given at the Royal Society, 15th Nov, Chicheley, UK.
Verberk WCEP (2012) Linking respiratory traits and thermal limits to predict the vulnerability of species to global warming. Presentation given at the Society for Freshwater Science (SFS) annumal meeting, 21th May, Louisville, United States of America.
Verberk WCEP (2011) Revisiting oxygen supply and demand to better understand thermal limits in aquatic ectotherms. Presentation given at the European Science Foundation (ESF) workshop “The effects of climate change on vulnerable life traits of aquatic ectotherms: towards an integrated approach.”, 21th September, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Verberk WCEP, Bilton DT, Calosi P & Spicer JI (2011) Revisiting oxygen supply and demand - oxygen availability, metabolic rate and thermal limits in aquatic ectotherms. Presentation given at the Society of Experimental Biology (SEB) annual meeting, 4th July, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP & Bilton DT (2010) Thermal niches in aquatic macroinvertebrates and oxygen limitation: A mismatch between oxygen supply and oxygen demand. Presentation given at the North American Benthological Society (NABS) annual meeting, 8th June, Santa Fe, United States of America.
Verberk WCEP & Bilton DT (2009) Oxygen deficiency under elevated temperatures: a mechanism connecting the response of stream ectotherms to global warming? Presentation given at the Society of Experimental Biology (SEB) annual meeting, 1st July, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Verberk WCEP (2009) Understanding thermal limits of macroinvertebrates by integrating physiology with other aspects of the life-history of a species. Presentation given at the European Science Foundation (ESF) workshop “Thermal adaptation of aquatic ectotherms”, 16th June, Aarhus, Denmark.
Verberk WCEP, Siepel H & Esselink H (2008) Combining species traits to causally link species and their habitat: An alternative to multivariate analyses. Presentation given at the North American Benthological Society (NABS) annual meeting, 28th May, Saltlake City, United States of America. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, J Kuper, GA van Duinen & H Esselink (2006) Strengthening landscape heterogeneity is the key to conserve and restore animal diversity in wetlands. Presentation given at the first European Congress of Conservation Biology (ECCB) meeting, 22-26 August, Eger, Hungary. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, GA van Duinen, J Kuper, M Nijssen, M Geertsma, P Beusink, H Siepel & H Esselink (2008) Restoring faunal communities: mechanisms and constraints. Invited presentation given at the Necov Wintersymposium, 7-8 February, Antwerp, Belgium. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2005) Landscape degradation and restoration: an animal’s perspective. Invited presentation given at LIFE coop Workshop for Restoration Management, 25th August, Latvia. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, GA van Duinen, H Esselink & H van Kleef (2004) How microhabitat and watertype differ seasonally in their importance for aquatic invertebrates. Presentation given at the XXII International Congress of Entomology 2004 Brisbane, Australia. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, GA van Duinen & H Esselink (2004) Preserving wetland fauna diversity: single large or several small? Presentation given at Wetland Intecol meeting, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, GA van Duinen & H Esselink (2002) Management en mechanisms: The relation between environmental heterogeneity and macroinvertebrate diversity. Presentation given at European Conference on Restoration Ecology (ECRE), August 2002, Budapest, Hungary.
Verberk WCEP (2019) How will global warming impact aquatic insects? Lecture given at the annual meeting of the Dutch Entomological Society, 13th December, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2017) Hoe gaan dieren om met temperatuurstijging in hun habitat? Presentation given at docentendag of the Radboud Pre-University College of Science, 6th April, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2015) The life-history puzzle of the temperature size rule. Presentation given at the Famelab science communication competation. 13th March, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. See the 3-min talk here
Verberk WCEP & van Kleef HH (2013) Faunaonderzoek in dienst van natuurbeheer. Invited presentation given at the minisymposium "Nieuwe stappen in het herstelbeheer van veenlandschappen" 15th Jun, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2013) How to get your research funded: Marie Curie Fellowships. Invited presentation given at the information session on Marie Curie Actions at the Radboud University, 11th April, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP & Edema E (2012) Herstel van hoogveen op landschapsschaal. Invited presentation given at the Hoogveendag, 2nd Oct, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2011) Meer zuurstof beschikbaar in warme wateren - Zuurstofeffecten op lichaamsgrootte en soortenrijkdom. Invited presentation given at the annual "macro-invertebraten overleg", 23th November, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2011) Getting it just right: Using oxygen supply and demand to explain thermal responses and body size patterns. Invited presentation given at the miniworkshop 'Developmental and Ecological Physiology', 18th July, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Verberk WCEP & Bilton DT (2011) The role of oxygen supply and demand in setting thermal niches in aquatic macroinvertebrates. Poster presentation given at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA), 12-13 July, Wareham, United Kingdom.
Verberk WCEP (2010) Van indicatorsoort naar gidssoort: Het ontrafelen van de koppeling tussen soort en landschap. Invited presentation given at the Natuurplaza Symposium 'Natuurplaza opent haar deuren voor natuurherstel', 6th October, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2009) Stekelbaarzen in peelbeken: het herstel tussen bovenloop en monding. Invited presentation given at the kennisuitwisselingsdag, organised by Waterboard Peel en Maasvallei, 10th September, Venlo, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2009) Praktijkonderzoek naar rol temperatuur in de ecologie van vissen en macrofauna. Invited presentation given at the KEMA-VEMW workshop “Onderbouwing temperatuurnormen Rijkswateren”, 4th June, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2009) Libellen en hun habitat. Invited presentation given at the annual meeting of the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Libellenstudie (NVL), 14th March, Zwolle, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2009) Succesfactoren voor herstel van onderwatergemeenschappen: hoe wijzen soorten ons de weg naar een goede ecologische toestand? Invited presentation given at the meeting of the Stichting voor Toegepast Onderzoek in Water (STOWA), 31th March, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2008) Van soort tot landschap: hoe passen we landschappen aan om onze fauna te behouden? Invited presentation given at the Werkgroep Landschapsecologisch Onderzoek (WLO) symposium meeting “25 jaar Landschap” 17th December, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Esselink H,Verberk WCEP, Grootjans AJ & Janssen A (2008) Natuurherstel: van standplaats naar Landschap. Invited presentation given at the Ontwikkeling en Beheer Natuurkwaliteit (OBN) workshop “Van standplaats naar landschap”, 4th November, Ede, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, GA van Duinen, HH van Kleef & H Esselink (2008) Effecten van baggeren: Waterkwaliteit, vegetatie en (watermacro)fauna. Presentation given at the veldwerkplaats Baggeren, 4th June, Molenhoek. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, GA van Duinen, HH van Kleef & H Esselink (2008) Herstel van functioneel compleet veenlandschap. Presentation given at the veldwerkplaats Veenherstel, 4th April, Bargerveen and 25th September, Ospeldijk, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP, G van der Velde, H Siepel & H Esselink (2008) Using biological traits to unravel the causal mechanisms that link species to their habitat. Presentation given at the Netherlands Ecological Research Network (NERN) annual meeting, 12th February, Lunteren, The Netherlands
Verberk WCEP, Boonstra H, Kuijper ALW, Kuper J & Esselink H (2006) Effecten van baggeren in laagveenwateren op watermacrofauna - wat levert het op? Presentation given at the Dutch Entomological Society (NEV) annual meeting, 15th December, Ede, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, Kuper JT, van Duinen GA & Esselink H (2005) Changes in macroinvertebrate richness and diversity following large scale rewetting measures in a heterogeneous bog landscape. Presentation given at the Dutch Entomological Society (NEV) annual meeting, December, Ede, The Netherlands.
Van Kleef HH & Verberk WCEP (2005) Wat zijn de successen, drempels en nare verrassingen voor aquatische ongewervelden bij herstelbeheer van vennen? Presentation given at the Reptielen, Amfibieen Vissen Onderzoek Nederland (RAVON) annual meeting, 12th November, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2005) Onderzoeksresultaten in hoogveenrestanten. Presentation given for the advisory committee for the Species Action Programme for the Northern Emerald (Somatochlora arctica), Ede, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, van Duinen WCEP, van Kleef HH & Esselink H (2005) Waar een groot gebied klein in kan zijn. Het belang van kleinschalige herogeniteit voor hoogveenfauna. Presentation given at the Nederlands Centrum voor Natuuronderzoek (NCN) meeting, 26th November, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2005) Landscape homogenisation decreases animal diversity. Presentation given at the Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR) annual PhD-meeting, 25th November, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Van Kleef HH, Verberk WCEP Esselink H (2004) Het voorspellen van de effecten van herstelmaatregelen op watermacrofauna in vennen aan de hand van biologische soorteigenschappen. Presentation given at the Werkgroep voor Landschapsecologisch Onderzoek (WLO) study day, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Esselink H, Beusink P, van Duinen GA , Geertsma M, Kuper J, Nijssen M Verberk WCEP (2004) De Grauwe klauwier als indicator van afname van landschapsheterogeniteit. Presentation given at the Werkgroep voor Landschapsecologisch Onderzoek (WLO) study day, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP & Esselink H (2004) Aggregation of water beetles: mechanisms of dispersal. Presentation given at the Dutch Entomological Society (NEV) annual meeting, December, Groningen, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2004) Functionele analyse: overlevingsstrategieën van watermacrofauna. Presentation given at Alterra Research Institute, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, van Duinen WCEP, van Kleef HH & Esselink H (2003) Watermacrofauna en natuurherstel: van overlevingsstrategie naar herstelstrategie. Presentation given at the Nederlands Centrum voor Natuuronderzoek (NCN) meeting, December, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2003) Faunaherstel vereist de integratie van landschapsecologie en dierecologie. Presentation given at the Werkgroep voor Landschapsecologisch Onderzoek (WLO) The Young Landscape Ecologist day, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2002) Which part does heterogeneity play in the conservation of fauna diversity? Poster presentation given at the conference “Driving mechanisms of Biodiversity”, 28th March, December, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2001) Diversiteitspatronen van watermacrofauna in een heterogeen landschap. Presentation given at the Dutch Entomological Society (NEV) annual meeting, December, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, van Duinen WCEP, van Kleef HH (2001) Natuurbeheer en watermacrofauna: Hoe krijgen we de sleutels tot herstel boven water? Presentation given at the Nederlands Centrum voor Natuuronderzoek (NCN) meeting, December, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2000) Waterkevergemeenschappen in het Korenburgerveen, een Nederlands hoogveenrestant. Presentation given at the Dutch Entomological Society (NEV) annual meeting, December, Ede, The Netherlands
Verberk WCEP (2018) Size matters for balancing oxygen supply and demand in aquatic ectotherms. Invited seminar given at Roehampton University, 22nd November, London, UK.
Verberk WCEP (2018) Oxygen, temperature and the body size of aquatic animals. Invited seminar given at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 24th May 2018, Berlin, Germany.
Verberk WCEP (2017) Effecten van temperatuur op dieren: Ademnood in warm water? Research seminar presented at the Karel de Grote College, 13th March, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2016) Can an oxygen perspective explain how animals respond to temperature? Seminar given at UQAR, 3rd October, Rimouski, Canada. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2014) Multistressor effects of hypoxia and warming on aquatic invertebrates: Can we predict species vulnerability from traits? Seminar given at University of Birmingham, 10th Dec, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Verberk WCEP (2013) Can oxygen set thermal limits in aquatic ectotherms and drive gigantism? Seminar given at Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), 25th Feb, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2012) Out of breath in hot waters: oxygen driven heat tolerance in aquatic insects. Seminar given at Colorado State University (CSU), 14th May, Fort Collins, United States of America.
Verberk WCEP (2011) Revisiting oxygen supply and demand to better understand thermal limits in aquatic ectotherms. Presentation given at the European Science Foundation (ESF) workshop “The effects of climate change on vulnerable life traits of aquatic ectotherms: towards an integrated approach.”, 21th September, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Verberk WCEP (2011) Understanding thermal responses, body size and species richness in aquatic ectotherms from oxygen supply and demand. Invited seminar for the Netherlands Institute for Ecological Research (NIOO), 15th December, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2010) Species traits as the causal mechanisms underlying interspecific abundance-occupancy relationships. Invited seminar for the Biodiversity course (BIO5202 & BIOL3106), University of Plymouth, 5th February. Plymouth, United Kingdom. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2009) Oxygen deficiency in aquatic ectotherms: the key to understand their thermal biology? Research seminar for the School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, 16th December. Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Verberk WCEP (2009) Biodiversiteit en heterogeniteit. Seminar for the bachelor course Water and Nature Management, 17th March, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2009) Getting more out of your biodiversity data with life-history strategies: a fresh approach to causally link species and their habitat. Seminar for the bachelor course Animal Ecology, 15th May, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Get pdf
Verberk WCEP (2008) Getting more out of your biodiversity data with life-history strategies: a fresh approach to causally link species and their habitat. Invited seminar for the School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, 18 november. Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Verberk WCEP (2008) De koppeling tussen soorten en hun omgeving in een veranderend landschap. Seminar for the bachelor course Animal Ecology, 15th May, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2008) Biodiversiteit en heterogeniteit. Seminar for the bachelor course Water and Nature Management, 17th March, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, Esselink H, Beusink P, van den Burg A, van Duinen GA , van Kleef HH, Nijssen M & van Noordwijk CGE (2007) Landscape degradation and restoration: an animal’s perspective. Seminar for the Summerschool Restoration Ecology, 25th September, Ravenstein, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP & Groenendijk D (2007) Hoogveenglanslibel wijst de weg naar herstel van hoogveenlandschappen. Invited seminar given at the Jeugdbond voor Natuur- en Milieuonderzoek (JNM) spring meeting, 10th March, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2007) Biodiversiteit en heterogeniteit. Seminar for the bachelor course Water and Nature Management, 17th April, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2006) Biodiversiteit en heterogeniteit. Seminar for the bachelor course Water and Nature Management, 19th April, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP & Van Kleef HH (2005) Karakteristieke flora en fauna van vennen. Bedreigingen, en mogelijkheden voor herstel. Invited seminar given for IVN guides of the Maasduinen Nature reserve, 6th April, Arcen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2004) Complexe fauna, simpele landschappen. Invited seminar given at the Nederlandse Jeugdbond voor Natuuronderzoek (NJN) annual meeting, December, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP, van Duinen GA , van Kleef HH, Nijssen M & Esselink H (2004) Landscape degradation and restoration -simplifying landscapes and fauna complexity. Seminar for the LIFE coop workshop for Restoration Management, Aalden, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2004) Fauna diversity in a heterogeneous landscape -case study Korenburgerveen. Seminar for the LIFE coop workshop for Restoration Management, Aalden, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2003) Biodiversiteit. Seminar for the bachelor course Milieukunde 1, 8th September, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (2000) Memory in Mammals: An overview of cellular mechanisms and brainstructures involved in memory formation. Seminar for the department of Animal Cell Physiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (1999) Kolonisatie door aquatische macro-invertebraten van een bronsysteem in het Springendal. Final presentation of MSc research. Freshwater ecosystems, Alterra Research Institute, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Verberk WCEP (1999) Het belang van baaibiotopen als broedkamer voor koraalrifvissen. Final presentation of MSc research for the department of Environmental Biology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.